:root {
    /* Brand palette (unchanged) */
    --bg: #ffffff;
    --bg-paper: #e8e3d1;
    --bg-pale: #fafafa;
    --fg: #424242;
    --fg-strong: #0a0a0a;
    --fg-muted: #757575;
    --rule: #ededed;
    --rule-strong: #bdbdbd;
    --yellow: #fecb00;
    --yellow-pale: #ffd481;
    --blue: #005293;
    --blue-dawn: #1a3050;
    --blue-deep: #142638;

    /* Responsive tokens */
    --page-gutter: clamp(20px, 5vw, 88px);
    --section-y:   clamp(40px, 8vw, 96px);
    --content-max: 1104px;          /* 1280 - 2*88, the design's content track cap */
  }

  * { box-sizing: border-box; }
  img, svg, video { max-inline-size: 100%; height: auto; }
  html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  body {
    background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg);
    font-family: 'Noto Sans', system-ui, sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(0.9375rem, 0.875rem + 0.2vw, 1rem);  /* 15–16px */
    line-height: 1.65;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    text-wrap: pretty;
  }

  /* ---- Shared primitives ---- */
  .page {
    max-width: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns:
      var(--page-gutter)
      minmax(0, var(--content-max))
      var(--page-gutter);
    justify-content: center;
    row-gap: 0;
  }
  .page > * { grid-column: 2; }
  .page > .full-bleed { grid-column: 1 / -1; }

  .full-bleed > .inner {
    max-inline-size: var(--content-max);
    margin-inline: auto;
    padding-inline: var(--page-gutter);
  }
  .full-bleed.in-studio > .inner,
  .full-bleed.studio-band > .inner {
    padding-block: clamp(40px, 8vw, 88px);
  }

  nav.top {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 10;
    background: var(--bg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    margin-bottom: var(--section-y);
  }
  nav.top > .inner {
    max-inline-size: var(--content-max);
    margin-inline: auto;
    padding-inline: var(--page-gutter);
    padding-block: clamp(10px, 1.5vw, 18px);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
    min-block-size: 52px;       /* WCAG 2.5.5 floor for the CTA tap target */
  }

  /* Hide the small "A software studio in Boise" tagline below tablet */
  .wordmark-group .word-tag { display: none; }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    .wordmark-group .word-tag { display: block; }
  }
  .wordmark-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
  .wordmark { font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 26px; color: var(--fg-strong); line-height: 1; }
  .word-tag { font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--fg-muted); }
  .top-right { display: flex; gap: 24px; align-items: center; }
  .top-links { display: flex; gap: 22px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--fg-muted); }
  .top-links a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .top-links a:hover, .top-links a.current { color: var(--fg-strong); }

  /* ---- Let's talk button (THE button) ---- */
  .btn-lt {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 18px;
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--blue);
    color: var(--blue);
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 17px; line-height: 1;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    transition: background 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
    min-block-size: 44px;          /* WCAG 2.5.5 — primary CTA tap target */
  }
  .btn-lt .arr {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-style: normal; font-size: 13px;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
  }
  .btn-lt:hover { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; }
  .btn-lt.lg { padding: 14px 28px; font-size: 22px; }
  .btn-lt.lg .arr { font-size: 15px; }
  .btn-lt.invert { border-color: var(--yellow); color: var(--yellow); }
  .btn-lt.invert:hover { background: var(--yellow); color: var(--blue-dawn); }
  .btn-lt.dark { border-color: var(--fg-strong); color: var(--fg-strong); }
  .btn-lt.dark:hover { background: var(--fg-strong); color: var(--yellow); }

  /* ---- Yellow chapter rule ---- */
  .y-rule { width: 56px; height: 3px; background: var(--yellow); margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .y-rule.long { width: 140px; }

  h1.display {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 6rem);            /* 48–96px */
    line-height: 0.95; letter-spacing: -0.012em;
    margin: 0; color: var(--fg-strong);
    text-wrap: balance;
  }
  h1.display em { color: var(--blue); font-style: italic; }

  h2.section-head {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);      /* 28–44px */
    line-height: 1.05; letter-spacing: -0.008em;
    margin: 0; color: var(--fg-strong);
    text-wrap: balance;
  }

  h3.spread-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 2rem);        /* 22–32px */
    line-height: 1.1;
    margin: 0; color: var(--fg-strong);
    text-wrap: balance;
  }

  .lede {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 400;
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.4vw, 1.375rem);   /* 17–22px */
    line-height: 1.45;
    max-inline-size: 65ch;
    color: var(--fg); margin: 0;
    text-wrap: pretty;
  }

  .label-mono {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--fg-muted);
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem)  { .label-mono { letter-spacing: 0.20em; } }
  @media (min-width: 64rem)  { .label-mono { letter-spacing: 0.22em; } }
  .label-mono .num { color: var(--blue); margin-right: 8px; }

  a.inline { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }

  footer.site {
    margin-top: var(--section-y);
    padding: 24px 0 32px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 6px;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--fg-muted);
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    footer.site {
      flex-direction: row;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: end;
      gap: 0;
    }
  }

  /* ---- HOME hero ---- */
  .hero-teach { border-left: 3px solid var(--yellow); padding-left: 20px; margin: 36px 0 32px; max-width: 620px; }
  .hero-teach .term { color: var(--fg-strong); font-weight: 500; }
  .hero-teach .src { display: block; margin-top: 8px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--fg-muted); font-style: italic; }
  .hero-cta-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: baseline;
    margin-top: 28px;
  }
  /* ---- HOME: in the studio (all white, hairlines) ---- */
  .in-studio {
    background: #fff;
    margin-top: var(--section-y);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }
  .in-studio h2 { margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .in-studio .intro { font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif; font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.4vw, 1.375rem); line-height: 1.45; color: var(--fg); max-inline-size: 65ch; margin: 0 0 40px; }
  .app-cards {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: clamp(20px, 4vw, 40px);
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    .app-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  }
  .app-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; }
  .app-card .ph-stage {
    background: #fafafa;
    padding: 40px 0 28px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-end;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: clamp(220px, 40vw, 380px);
  }
  .app-card .ph-stage img { max-height: 360px; max-width: 70%; display: block; }
  .app-card .body { padding: 24px 28px 28px; }
  .app-card h3 { font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; font-size: 28px; margin: 0 0 8px; color: var(--fg-strong); }
  .app-card .body p { margin: 0 0 16px; color: var(--fg); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.55; }
  .app-card .status { font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--fg-muted); }
  .app-card .status .dot { display: inline-block; width: 5px; height: 5px; background: var(--blue); border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 8px; vertical-align: middle; }

  /* ---- HOME: what we do ---- */
  .what-we-do { margin-top: var(--section-y); }
  .what-we-do .intro { font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif; font-style: italic; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--fg); max-width: 720px; margin: 16px 0 40px; }
  .cap-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .cap-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 22px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    align-items: baseline;
  }
  .cap-row .head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 14px; }
  .cap-row .num {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: var(--blue);
  }
  .cap-row .name {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 1.8vw, 1.375rem);
    color: var(--fg-strong);
  }
  .cap-row .desc { color: var(--fg); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.55; }

  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .cap-row {
      grid-template-columns: 60px 1fr 2fr;
      gap: 32px;
    }
    .cap-row .head { display: contents; }
  }
  .full-services { margin-top: 22px; }

  /* ---- HOME: Dawn Blue studio band ---- */
  .studio-band {
    background: var(--blue-dawn);
    color: #fff;
    margin-top: var(--section-y);
  }
  .studio-band .y-rule { background: var(--yellow); }
  .studio-band .label-mono { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); }
  .studio-band h2 { color: #fff; margin: 8px 0 28px; }
  .studio-band .quote { font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.875rem); line-height: 1.3; color: #fff; max-inline-size: 880px; margin: 0 0 36px; }
  .studio-band .band-ctas {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 12px;
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    .studio-band .band-ctas { flex-direction: row; align-items: center; gap: 18px; }
  }

  /* ---- HOME: lets talk closer ---- */
  .lets-talk {
    margin-top: var(--section-y);
    padding-top: 32px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: end;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
  }
  .lets-talk .left h2 { margin-bottom: 16px; }
  .lets-talk .left p { margin: 0; max-width: 540px; color: var(--fg); font-size: 16px; }
  .lets-talk .right { display: flex; gap: 18px; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-start; }

  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .lets-talk {
      grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr;
      gap: 56px;
    }
    .lets-talk .right { justify-content: flex-end; }
  }

  /* ============ ABOUT ============ */
  .about-hero {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
    margin-bottom: var(--section-y);
  }
  .about-hero-left { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
  .about-hero-left h1 { font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 8vw, 5.25rem); }   /* 40–84px */
  .about-hero-intro {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(1.0625rem, 1.5vw, 1.5rem);
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--fg-strong);
    max-inline-size: 540px;
    margin: 18px 0 0;
  }
  .photo-block {
    order: -1;                        /* photo above headline on phone */
    background: var(--bg-paper);
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid #d4cebe;
  }
  .photo-block img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }

  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .about-hero {
      grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 1fr;
      gap: 64px;
      align-items: stretch;
    }
    .about-hero-left { justify-content: flex-end; }
    .photo-block { order: 0; }        /* desktop: side by side */
  }

  /* About sections: 2-col internal */
  .about-section {
    padding: var(--section-y) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }
  .about-section .left .label-mono { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .about-section .left h2 { margin: 0 0 22px; }
  .about-section .left p {
    max-inline-size: 65ch;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    font-size: clamp(0.9375rem, 0.875rem + 0.2vw, 1rem);
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--fg);
  }
  .about-section .right {
    order: -1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .about-section {
      grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
      gap: 80px;
      align-items: start;
    }
    .about-section .right { order: 0; padding-top: 56px; }
  }

  /* Big number marginalia for "What we know" */
  .num-mark { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 18px; }
  .big-num {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(4rem, 11vw, 7.5rem);     /* 64–120px */
    line-height: 0.9;
    color: var(--fg-strong); letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  }
  .num-mark .num-label { font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--fg-muted); max-width: 140px; line-height: 1.8; }
  .num-mark .num-label .blue { color: var(--blue); }

  /* Pull quote for "How we work" */
  .pull-quote {
    margin: 18px 0;
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.4vw, 1.875rem);
    line-height: 1.18;
    color: var(--fg-strong);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 12px 0;
    text-align: center;
    max-inline-size: none;
  }

  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .pull-quote {
      border-top: none;
      border-bottom: none;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--yellow);
      padding: 0 0 0 22px;
      text-align: left;
      max-inline-size: 380px;
    }
    /* Desktop: lift the .left children into a 2-col grid so the pull-quote
       can land in column 2 next to the body paragraphs. */
    .how-we-work .left {
      grid-column: 1 / -1;            /* span both tracks of .about-section */
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
      column-gap: 80px;
      row-gap: 0;
    }
    .how-we-work .left > .y-rule       { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
    .how-we-work .left > .label-mono   { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; margin-top: 10px; }
    .how-we-work .left > h2            { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; margin: 6px 0 22px; }
    .how-we-work .left > p:first-of-type { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 4; }
    .how-we-work .left > p.pull-quote    { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 4 / span 2; align-self: start; }
    .how-we-work .left > p:last-of-type  { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 5; }
  }

  /* Location marker for "Where" */
  .loc-mark {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 9vw, 6rem);      /* 56–96px */
    line-height: 0.95;
    color: var(--fg-strong); letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  }
  .loc-coord { font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--fg-muted); margin-top: 14px; }
  .loc-coord .blue { color: var(--blue); }

  /* ============ SERVICES ============ */
  .services-intro { margin: 24px 0 64px; }
  .spread {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: clamp(20px, 3vw, 56px);
    padding: var(--section-y) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .spread { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }

    /* DOM is image-first. Spreads with .reverse keep DOM order (image left, text right). */
    /* Spreads without .reverse swap so text appears on the left. */
    .spread:not(.reverse) .spread-visual { order: 2; }
    .spread:not(.reverse) .spread-text   { order: 1; }
  }
  .spread-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 8px 0; }
  .spread-text .top .y-rule { background: var(--yellow); margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .spread-text .top .label-mono { display: block; margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .spread-text h3 { margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .spread-text p.lead {
    font-size: clamp(0.9375rem, 0.875rem + 0.2vw, 1rem);
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--fg);
    max-inline-size: 65ch;
    margin: 0 0 14px;
  }
  .spread-text .toolkit { font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--fg-muted); margin-top: 16px; }
  .spread-text .principle {
    margin-top: 36px;
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic; font-weight: 400;
    font-size: clamp(1.0625rem, 1.5vw, 1.375rem);
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: var(--fg-strong);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding-top: 22px;
    max-inline-size: 460px;
  }
  .spread-text .principle .lbl {
    display: block;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 9px; letter-spacing: 0.22em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--fg-muted); font-style: normal;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }
  .spread-visual { aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; background: var(--bg-paper); position: relative; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid #d4cebe; }
  .spread-visual img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
  .spread-visual.var-code { background: var(--blue-deep); border-color: var(--blue-deep); }
  .spread-visual.var-pale { background: var(--bg-pale); }
  .spread-visual.var-board { background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 30%, #244a32 0%, #0e2418 100%); border-color: #0e2418; }
  .code-visual { position: absolute; inset: 28px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #cbd2dc; }
  .code-visual .kw { color: var(--yellow); }
  .code-visual .fn { color: #7eb6ff; }
  .code-visual .str { color: #b6cf91; }
  .code-visual .com { color: #5b6477; font-style: italic; }
  .diag-svg { position: absolute; inset: 28px; width: calc(100% - 56px); height: calc(100% - 56px); }
  .board-vis { position: absolute; inset: 0; }
  .board-vis::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(180,200,130,0.16) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(180,200,130,0.10) 1px, transparent 1px); background-size: 18px 18px; }
  .board-chip { position: absolute; background: #0a0a0a; border: 1px solid #444; border-radius: 2px; }
  .board-trace { position: absolute; background: #c9a25a; }
  .board-pad { position: absolute; background: #c9a25a; border-radius: 50%; width: 5px; height: 5px; }

  /* How we engage */
  .engage {
    padding: var(--section-y) 0 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .engage .left .y-rule { background: var(--yellow); }
  .engage .left .label-mono { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .engage .left h2 { margin: 0 0 22px; }
  .engage .left p {
    font-size: clamp(0.9375rem, 0.875rem + 0.2vw, 1rem);
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--fg);
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    max-inline-size: 65ch;
  }
  .engage .right { padding-top: 0; }
  .engage .meta-list {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--fg-muted);
    line-height: 2;
  }
  .engage .meta-list .dot {
    display: inline-block; width: 5px; height: 5px;
    background: var(--blue); border-radius: 50%;
    margin-right: 12px; vertical-align: middle;
  }
  .engage .right .cta { margin-top: 18px; }

  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .engage {
      grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
      gap: 80px;
    }
    .engage .right { padding-top: 22px; }
    .engage .meta-list { line-height: 2.4; }
  }

  /* ============ CONTACT ============ */
  .contact-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 32px;
    margin-top: clamp(28px, 4vw, 48px);
  }
  @media (min-width: 64rem) {
    .contact-layout {
      grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr;
      gap: 64px;
    }
  }
  form.contact {
    background: var(--bg-pale);
    padding: clamp(14px, 4vw, 36px);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }
  form.contact .field { margin-bottom: 22px; }
  form.contact label {
    display: block;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--fg-muted);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }
  form.contact input,
  form.contact select,
  form.contact textarea {
    width: 100%;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
    padding: 10px 12px;
    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;                    /* prevent iOS Safari zoom on focus */
    color: var(--fg-strong);
    border-radius: 2px;
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    form.contact input,
    form.contact select,
    form.contact textarea { font-size: 14px; }
  }
  form.contact textarea { min-height: 130px; resize: vertical; }
  form.contact input.is-invalid,
  form.contact select.is-invalid,
  form.contact textarea.is-invalid {
    border-color: #b3303f;
    background: #fffafa;
  }

  /* Per-field error label below each input. Empty by default; populated by JS. */
  .field-error {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: #b3303f;
    margin-top: 4px;
    min-height: 1em;            /* reserve a baseline so layout doesn't jump */
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
  .field-error:empty { min-height: 0; margin-top: 0; }

  /* Submit + marginalia. Stacks on phone, side-by-side at 40rem+. */
  form.contact .submit-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 8px;
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    form.contact .submit-row {
      flex-direction: row;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 16px;
    }
  }

  form.contact .submit {
    background: var(--blue);
    color: #fff;
    border: none;
    padding: 14px 28px;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    cursor: pointer;
    min-block-size: 44px;             /* WCAG 2.5.5 */
    width: 100%;
    transition: background 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease;
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    form.contact .submit {
      width: auto;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
  }
  form.contact .submit.is-disabled,
  form.contact .submit[disabled] {
    background: #b9c5d0;
    color: #fff;
    cursor: not-allowed;
  }
  form.contact .submit.is-sending {
    background: var(--blue);
    opacity: 0.85;
    cursor: progress;
  }
  form.contact .submit.is-sent {
    background: #1f7a3a;
    color: #fff;
    cursor: default;
  }

  /* Marginalia note beside the submit button. */
  form.contact .submit-msg {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(0.9375rem, 1.1vw, 1rem);
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--fg-strong);
    border-left: 2px solid var(--yellow);
    padding-left: 10px;
    min-width: 0;               /* lets long messages wrap inside the flex column */
  }
  form.contact .submit-msg:empty {
    border-left-color: transparent;
    padding-left: 0;
  }
  @media (min-width: 40rem) {
    form.contact .submit-msg { flex: 1; }
  }
  form.contact .submit-msg.is-error {
    color: #b3303f;
    border-left-color: #b3303f;
  }
  form.contact .submit-msg.is-success {
    color: #1f7a3a;
    border-left-color: #1f7a3a;
  }
  form.contact .submit-msg .role {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 9px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: inherit;
    opacity: 0.7;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
  }

  .contact-side .y-rule { background: var(--yellow); margin-bottom: 16px; }
  .contact-side h3 { font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; font-size: 22px; margin: 0 0 12px; color: var(--fg-strong); }
  .contact-side p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--fg); margin: 0 0 18px; line-height: 1.6; }
  .contact-side .big-email {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 3.5vw, 1.625rem);  /* 18–26px */
    color: var(--blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 5px;
    text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
    word-break: break-word;
  }
  .contact-side .addr { font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--fg-muted); line-height: 2.1; margin-top: 30px; }